What were the causes of the Revolts?

  • The desire to return to the old religion of animism as well as to restore the stature of the babaylan and the katalonan in society;
  • Because nof the harsh policies of Spaniards like polo, bandal, tributo, and monopoly;
  • Desire for the land; and
  • personal reasons.

The Revolt of Lakandula

  • He was one of the first who mled a revolt against the Spanish rule.
  • He and his family were exempted from paying tributers and from rendering forced labor.
  • They were given the right to retain their family name.
    However, upon Legazpi's death, his successor, Governor Guido Lavezares, dismissed these privileges and started oppressing the Filipinos. In 1574, Rajah Lakandula rose in arms against the foreigners. To appease him, the Spaniards gave back his rights and privileges.

Tondo Conspiracy

  • Magat Salamat, the son of Rajah lakandula, put up a conspiracy and rose against the Spaniards.
  • Hisa co-conspirators were fellow datus from Tondo, Taguig, Navotas, Pandacan, and ohter villages.
  • He also conspired with the Borneans and Two Christian Japanese named Juan Gayo and Dionisio Fernandez.
    Just before they were ready to implement their plan, two Filipinos by the names of Antonio Surabaw and Amarlahagi betrayed them. On October 26, 1588 the Spanish authorities under the rule of Gpvernor Santiago de Vera seized them. Some of these datus and their allies were put to death and their bodies were exposed for public exhibition while others captured alive were exiled in Mexico.

The Gaddang Uprising

  • In Cagayan Valley, the Gaddang ethnic group had an uprising that was staged in 1621 under the leadership of Felipe Catabay and Gabriel dayag.
     To avoid violence, Fray Pedro de Sto. Tomas pleaded with them to lay down their arms. The Filipinos were impressed by his eloquence. Thus, they decided to surrender and forget about the revolt.

The Bankaw and Tamblot Rebellions

  • Tamblot was from Bohol while Bankaw staged the rebelion in Leyte.
  • Bankaw was a chieftain who embraced Christianity and welcomed the Spaniards.
    But times had changed. He became dissatisfied and decided to revert to their old religious practices. He led the people of Leyte to rise against the Spaniards but he and his followers lost the battle. He was beheaded and his head was exposed to the public to serve as a warning to those who were thinking of defying the Spanish rule. Tamblot was likewise defeated.

Ladia Uprising

  • Ladia was a Bornean and a descendant of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643
    At that time, the Filipinos were suffering from oppression and he thought that it was about time that they stage an uprising. This was despite the fact that a parish priest tried to convince hiom not to pursue his plans. Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed.

Maniago Rebellion

  • Fancisco Maniago led the Pampangos in their fight to regain their lost freedom from the Spaniards.
  • They resented the order for them to cut timber for the government.
  • They also abhorred the dishonesty of the Spanish officials and their failure to pay the rice harvested by the people.
    Maniago and his men blocked the rivers to prevent food in the provinces from reaching Manila. They wanted to starve the Spaniards in Manila. He encountered the Ilocanos andf the Pangasisnenses to join him in the struggle but his force started to weaken when the Pampangos from Macabebe withdrew their support. He gave up his cause when the Spaniards promised to give him and his troops better payment for their labor and to forgive them for satging a rebellion.

Ilocano Uprising

    The Ilocanos took their inspiration from Malong's cause for rebellion. The uprising took place in January 1661. They appointed Pedro Almazan as their king and his son as their prince. They sowed violence ion the towns of San Nicolas, Bacarra, and Laoag. They killed thew Spaniards and burned the churches. It did not take long before they were captured by the Spaniards who executed Almazan.

  • Silang Uprising
   He was an Ilocano who was exiled because of petitioning the Spaniards to remove the taxes being collected froim the Filipinos. As soon as he was released from the prison, he organized his own government in Vigan and connived with the British to overthrow the Sapnish government. He did not live long to pursue his rebellion. Gabriela, his wife bravely continued the cause of her husband. She was later capptured and was executed on September 20, 1763.

Dagohoy Revolt

  • This rebellion lasted for 85 years.
  • He started his revolt in 1744 when, in his anger he killed the Spanish priest who refused to give his brother a Christian burial.
    He encouraged people of Bohol to raise arms against the Spaniards. He and his men fled to the mountains where they established their own government. Twenty governors starting from Gaspar dela Torre to Juan Antonio Martinez, came and went before his troops were finally caught in 1829. They were later pardoned and allowed to live in villages in peace.

The Uprising of Hermano Pule

  •  Apolinario dela Cruz, known as Hermano Pule, led the first religious revolt that took place in 1840 to 1841.
  • As a boy he wanted to become a priest. He went to manila to join religious order, but he was refused because he was a Filipino.
  • This did not dissuade him from pursuing his dream. While working at the San Juan de Dios Hosp[ital, he studied and read religious books to enrich his knowledge about his faith.
    He founded Confradia de San Jose, a religious brotherhood for Filipinos in honor of Saint Joseph. The Spanish friars were alarmed because his members were groiwing in number so they declared this organization a seditious group and banned its members. He was forced to hide in the governmet called him a rebel. He wa eventually captured and executed in Tayabas on Novermber 4, 1841.

Causes of the Failures of all the Revolts

  • Divide-and-Rule Strategy: The Spaniards divided the Filipinosfor effective leadership. They ised the fragmentation of the country and the exi\stynce of many languages to suppress the revolts.
  • Negotiations and the role of Friars: They suppressed the revolts through negotiation and promises of addressing their grievance. The effectivenes of friars was due to their familiarity with the native language. They have been loing time residents of those places and they exeercised spiritua influences over the people.
  • Betrayal: This showed the lack of unity
  • Lack of Planning
  • Lack of modern equipements